Cloud-based system for controlling electrochromic devices

ABSTRACT

A system includes a gateway having a memory, and a processing device coupled to the memory. The processing device is to identify a first subset of a data stream associated with a smart window system. The first subset of the data stream includes sensor data that has changed more than a threshold amount. Responsive to identifying the first subset of the data stream, the processing device is to transmit the first subset of the data stream to a server device. The server device is to generate one or more instructions based on the first subset of the data stream. Responsive to receiving the one or more instructions from the server device, the processing device is to cause one or more electrochromic devices to be controlled based on the one or more instructions.

RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation application of U.S. patentapplication Ser. No. 16/786,703, filed Feb. 10, 2020, and issued as U.S.Pat. No. 10,921,675 on Feb. 16, 2021, which claims the benefit of U.S.Provisional No. 62/805,092, filed Feb. 13, 2019, the entire contents ofwhich are incorporated by reference.

BACKGROUND

An electrochromic glass unit uses electrochromic glass that can changetransmissivity with the application of electric current and voltage. Thechange of transmissivity typically relies on a reversible oxidation of amaterial. Electrochromic glass units can darken at the press of a buttonor other triggering events and are also often used in automobilerearview mirrors to reduce reflective glare.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

The present disclosure will be understood more fully from the detaileddescription given below and from the accompanying drawings of variousembodiments, which, however, should not be taken to limit the presentdisclosure to the specific embodiments, but are for explanation andunderstanding only.

FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an electrochromic window system with agateway associated with control of electrochromic windows, according tocertain embodiments.

FIG. 2 is a block diagram of an electrochromic window system with agateway associated with control of electrochromic windows, according tocertain embodiments.

FIG. 3 is a block diagram of an electrochromic window system thatincludes a plurality of gateways, according to certain embodiments.

FIG. 4 is a flow diagram of a method of controlling an electrochromicdevice, according to certain embodiments.

FIG. 5 illustrates a diagrammatic representation of a machine in theexample form of a computer system including a set of instructionsexecutable by a computer system to control an electrochromic deviceaccording to any one or more of the methodologies discussed herein.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

A cloud-based system for controlling electrochromic devices isdescribed. Electrochromic devices can be, for example, used for smartwindows in a commercial or residential building. A smart window refersto one or more glass units whose characteristics (e.g., a tint levelrepresenting a particular transmissivity parameter, reflective glare,etc.) can be changed automatically (e.g., at a particular time, inresponse to a weather condition, etc.). A modern multi-story buildingcan include thousands of external and internal windows. As such,controlling electrochromic devices in an efficient manner becomesincreasingly important.

Conventional systems typically use local computers to controlelectrochromic devices. However, the use of local computers has severaldeficiencies. Firstly, in order to cover more electrochromic devices, alocal computer may control electrochromic devices via multiple localnetworks. For example, a local computer may control a first set ofelectrochromic devices via a wireless network and a second set ofelectrochromic devices via a wired network. To control theelectrochromic devices via multiple local networks, a local computer mayneed to be configured for each of the local networks, may need to begranted authorization to access the local networks, and may need toupdate connection with the local networks (e.g., configurations,authorizations, etc.) responsive to the local networks being updated.Processor overhead of a local computer to troubleshoot the control ofelectrochromic devices via local networks may also increase as thenumber local networks increases.

Additionally, a user with access to a local network may be able tocontrol any of the electrochromic devices connected to the localnetwork. An administrator may want to limit user control (e.g., limituser control to just the electrochromic window in that user's office,limit user control for security purposes). In order to limit access forparticular users to specific sets of electrochromic devices, anadministrator may set up a separate virtual local area network (VLAN)for each user or set of users. Setting up separate VLANs can be timeconsuming, require extra energy, and require additional troubleshooting.

Further, a local computer can only control electrochromic devicescoupled to that local computer and can only receive input from sensorscoupled to that local computer. Updating or replacing a local computeror other devices in a conventional system may be time consuming (e.g.,receiving and installing software updates, extracting the latestconfigurations from the old local computer or device and installing thelatest configurations in the new local computer or device). In aconventional system, a local computer may collect and process data fromlocal devices (e.g., local sensors, local electrochromic devices) inthat system which may require increased processor overhead and energyconsumption, resulting in decreased responsiveness of the local computerto user input, and may lead to slower changing of electrochromicdevices. Furthermore, in a conventional system, the local computer maytrack the data collected and processed over time by that local computerand may run analytics on the data to improve functionality of theconventional system. The analytics ran by the local computer are limitedto the data received by the local computer from local devices. Theanalytics may not provide a complete picture because each local computermay not learn from other local computers (e.g., a local computer islimited to its own analytics and may not improve its system based onanalytics of other local computers) and each local computer may notlearn from data received by other local computers from their localdevices (e.g., each local computer may not receive data from other localdevices coupled to other local computers).

Aspects of the present disclosure address the deficiencies ofconventional systems by providing a cloud-based system for controllingelectrochromic devices that includes a gateway and a server device. Thegateway may receive a data stream from a driver (e.g., that controls anelectrochromic device) and transmit at least a portion of the datastream to a server device. For example, the data stream may includeevents (e.g., the driver changing an electrochromic device from a firsttint level to a second tint level), faults (e.g., the driver detectedthat the electrochromic device exceeded a threshold temperature orstopped tinting), and measurements (e.g., the driver determined acurrent measurement or voltage measurement of the electrochromicdevice). The gateway may identify a first subset (e.g., events, faults,etc.) of the data stream that is more relevant than a second subset(e.g., measurements) of the data stream. Upon identifying the firstsubset, the gateway may transmit the first subset to the server device.The gateway may store the second subset in a data file and may transmitthe data file to the server device at a predetermined time. As thesecond subset is received, the second subset may be stored in a datafile and the data file may be transmitted to the server device daily ata predetermined time. By transmitting the first subset of the datastream as the first subset is identified and transmitting the secondsubset periodically (e.g., daily), bandwidth and cost may be reduced,processing can be offset to the server device, and multiple systems canbenefit from the processed data of one system.

The gateway stores credentials (e.g., in credentials files) and uses thecredentials to communicate with the server device (e.g., and otherdevices). The credentials may be used for a cloud-based system tooperate. By using the credentials, the gateway may access a serverdevice in the cloud-based system. By using the cloud-based system forcommunications (e.g., instead of local network topology), permissionsfor user control of the electrochromic devices may be handled at theuser level at the server device (e.g., without the use of separateVLANs).

The gateway may also store configuration files (e.g., a correspondingconfiguration file for each driver). Upon determining a driver has beenreplaced with a new driver, the gateway may configure the new driverbased on the corresponding configuration file. The gateway may receivesoftware updates (e.g., gateway software updates, driver softwareupdates, etc.) from the server device and may update devices of thesystem based on the software updates.

The gateway may also store settings files (e.g., predetermined schedule,default rules) and may transmit instructions to the drivers to controlthe electrochromic devices based on the settings files. Upon receivingserver instructions (e.g., based on current sensor readings received viathe sensor hub, user input received via a tint selector, etc.) from theserver device, the gateway may transmit the server instructions to thedrivers to control the electrochromic devices according to the serverinstructions. The server instructions may be based on signals fromsensors remote from the gateway (e.g., on different buildings) that arecommunicably coupled to the server device.

The gateway may be coupled to one or more manual controls (e.g., a tintselector). The gateway may receive a signal from the tint selector forcontrolling the electrochromic devices coupled to the gateway andadditional electrochromic devices not coupled to the gateway. Thegateway may transmit the signal to the server device and the serverdevice may transmit the signal to a second gateway to control theadditional electrochromic devices based on the signal.

Accordingly, the technology described herein results in technologicaladvantages over conventional systems. In the cloud-based system forcontrolling electrochromic devices, the server device may be connectedto multiple gateways via a network to control electrochromic devices. Bythe server device connecting to gateways via the network, thecloud-based system has the technological advantage of avoiding processoroverhead and troubleshooting associated with a local computer connectingto multiple local networks (e.g., configurations, authorization, andupdates for each local network, etc.).

Instead of requiring a separate VLAN for each user to limit user controlas in conventional systems, the server device may limit user control ofelectrochromic devices by setting up user authorizations at the serverlevel. The cloud-based system thereby has the technological advantagesof avoiding the time, extra energy, and extra troubleshooting of settingup and maintaining a separate VLAN for each user.

Instead of being limited to data received from local devices as inconventional systems, the gateway in the cloud-based system can control(e.g., directly control based on settings files, provide a conduit forcontrol, etc.) electrochromic devices based on data received by theserver device from devices that are not on the same wireless meshnetwork as the gateway (e.g., the server device may send instructions tomultiple gateways based on sensor data from multiple sensor hubs ondifferent buildings, etc.). Instead of being limited to local analyticsas in conventional systems, the server device can perform analyticsbased on data received from multiple gateways and sensor hubs. By notbeing limited to local devices and local analytics of a local computer,the cloud-based system may thereby provide more accurate control ofelectrochromic devices.

FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an electrochromic window system 100 (e.g.,smart window system) with a gateway 106 associated with the control ofelectrochromic devices (e.g., electrochromic (EC) windows 130),according to one embodiment. In some embodiments, the gateway 106 mayprovide a conduit of control (e.g., by receiving instructions from thecloud computing system 110 and transmitting the instructions to thedrivers 104). In some embodiments, the gateway 106 may control the ECwindows 130 (e.g., based on a settings file, schedule, etc.). Theelectrochromic window system 100 includes a first cabinet 108 in which afirst distributed energy management system (EMS) 102, a first set ofdrivers 104, and a gateway 106 are located. In an alternate embodimentthe drivers 104 may be integrated drivers where one or more drivers areintegrated into the EC windows. Each of the set of drivers 104 iscoupled to an individual one of a set of EC windows 130. Alternatively,other electrochromic devices can be driven by the set of drivers 104.The set of drivers 104 are coupled to the set of EC windows 130 viapower cables 148 and control wires. The cabinet 108 can be a standardsize, such as 28″, 42″, or 60″. The cabinet 108 can be located inproximity to the EC windows 130 or located away from the EC windows 130,such as up to 300 feet. The cabinet 108 can be located in a locationthat reduces wiring costs. Between each driver and EC window there maybe one or more power cables 148 coupled to an anode of the EC window andone or more power cables 148 coupled to a cathode of the EC window.There may be two control wires for sensing the voltage of the EC window(referred to herein as sense voltage or Vsense) and two wires forsequestration operations, as described herein. In one embodiment, eachdriver of the set of drivers 104 can supply up to 8 amps to each ECwindow of the set of EC windows 130. An external power supply 132 iscoupled to provide external power to the distributed EMS 102, the set ofdrivers 104, and the gateway 106 within the first cabinet 108. Forexample, 16 AWG 2 conductor plenum cables can provide lower voltage(48V) or higher voltage (110-240V) to the first cabinet 108. Theexternal power supply 132 can be located in proximity to the firstcabinet 108 or farther away from the first cabinet 108, such as up tohundreds of feet or up to 1000 feet. In some embodiments, the externalpower supply 132 is configured to supply less than 25% of a maximumpower used by the set of EC windows 130 during switching of one or moreof the set of EC windows 130. Additional external power supplies can beused to power the components in the first cabinet 108. The externalpower supply 132 may be a conventional power supply connected to thepower grid or it may be a building battery such as the residentialbatteries built by Tesla (the Powerwall battery) or LG Chem's RESUbattery that obtain energy from a source such as on-site solar energycells. The external power supply 132 may be a combination of the powergrid and a building battery.

Although portions of the present disclosure describe the electrochromicwindow system 100 in relation to a distributed EMS, the electrochromicwindow system 100 may include one or more different types of powersources (e.g., a battery, a local power source inside of a driver, amulti-device boost power supply, etc.) in addition to or instead of thedistributed EMS.

In some embodiments, a driver for an EC window may be integrated intothe EC window itself in either the frame of the window, in theintegrated glass unit (IGU) of the EC window, or in the laminated glassunit (LGU) of the EC window.

Each EC window may include an electrochromic panel (e.g., glass or film)that can change transmissivity with the application of electric currentand voltage. The change of transmissivity typically relies on areversible oxidation of a material. Electrochromic units can darken atthe press of a button (e.g., user input via tint selector 120 or 128,dashboard web app 140, dashboard mobile app 142, etc.) or in response toan automatic triggering event and are also often used in automobilerearview mirrors to reduce reflective glare. In some embodiments, uponreceiving user input via the tint selector 120 to tint a first EC windowassociated with a first driver, the tint selector 120 may transmitinstructions to the first driver and the first driver may control thetint level of the EC window. In some embodiments, upon receiving userinput via a user device to tint a first EC window associated with afirst driver, dashboard web app 140 or dashboard mobile app 142 (e.g.,executing on the user device) may transmit the user input to the cloudcomputing system 110, the cloud computing system 110 may transmit theuser input to the gateway 106, and the gateway 106 may transmit the userinput to the first driver to cause the first driver to control the tintlevel of the first EC window. The different transmissivities of the ECwindows may be referred to as tint levels (e.g., 0% tint level is 65%transmissivity, 50% tint level is 21% transmissivity, 100% tint level is2% transmissivity, etc.).

In some embodiments, one or more power sources (e.g., the distributedEMS, a battery, a local power source inside of a driver, a multi-deviceboost power supply, etc.) may provide additional power (e.g., boostpower) to an electrochromic device (e.g., EC window 130) that can besupplied by a main power supply. The one or more power sources maysupport a varied number of EC windows based on geometry and size of theEC windows, how often the EC windows are tinted, as well as how lowother power sources (e.g., the batteries of the distributed EMS 102) canbe discharged.

Each power source (e.g., distributed EMS 102) may supply power to theset of drivers 104 according to a power state of the set of EC window130, as well as the power state of other power sources (e.g.,multi-device boost power supply 208). For example, the distributed EMS102 can supply a first amount of power to the set of drivers 104 from anexternal power supply interface in an idle state of the set of ECwindows 130. Alternatively, the distributed EMS 102 does not supplypower to the set of EC windows 130 in the idle state. In someembodiments the idle power level of an EC window may be zero, forexample when the type of EC device used only requires power to switchfrom one optical transmission state to another optical transmissionstate. The power state information (e.g., idle state, tinted state,transitioning between states, etc.) may be provided to the gateway 106and may be shared with the cloud computing system 110.

The additional power provided by the one or more power sources canenable fast and uniform switching in a variety of conditions, and inparticular when the EC window 130 includes a gradient conductive layer.

An EC window 130 including a gradient transparent conductive layer canhave very fast switching speed (e.g., less than 5 minutes, or less than10 minutes) as well as uniform transitions between states (e.g., wherethe clear state, dark state and all tinted states have delta E acrossthe area of the panel less than 10) by including one or more gradienttransparent conductive layers in each EC device or panel. The term“gradient transparent conductive layer” refers to an electricallyconducting layer with spatially varying sheet resistance, or resistanceto current flow substantially parallel to a major surface of the layer,that varies as a function of position within the electrically conductivelayer. The gradient transparent conductive layer or layers also enablethe driving of an EC window 130 incorporating such a layer at muchhigher voltages so that high amounts of power are required initially todrive fast switching. The gradient transparent conductive layer may be apatterned or graded transparent conductive oxide (TCO) such as indiumtitanium oxide and tantalum tin oxide. In other embodiments, thedistributed EMS 102 can be used in connection with drivers that driveother types of EC windows 130. Additionally, the distributed EMS can beused to drive multi-panel electrochromic windows that include more thanone EC window 130 connected in series or parallel. A multi-panelelectrochromic window may be one where the EC window 130 are stackedover one another to provide very low transmissivity of light through thedevices, for example less than 1% transmissivity of light or less than0.1% transmissivity of light. Alternatively the multi-panelelectrochromic windows may be “tiled” adjacent to one another such thatmore than one EC window 130 is laminated to a carrier glass substrate toform larger sized windows. In another embodiment a single driver may beused to drive multiple electrochromic windows that may be in a group ofelectrochromic windows. For example a single driver may drive two ormore electrochromic windows.

The gateway 106 is operatively coupled to a cloud computing system 110.A cloud computing system refers to a collection of physical machines(e.g., server devices), that host applications providing one or moreservices to multiple components (e.g., gateway 106, sensor hub 126,drivers 104, distributed EMS 102, user devices executing dashboardmobile app 142 or dashboard web app 140, etc.) via a network. In someimplementations, the applications hosted by cloud computing system 110may provide services (e.g., scheduling, viewing, remote management,glare control, etc.) to users accessing the cloud computing system 110via a network. The applications may allow users to manipulate (e.g.,access, create, edit, store, delete, share, collaborate, print, etc.)electronic documents (e.g., schedules, rules, configurations, glarecontrol, etc.). The cloud computing system 110 may include one or moreserver devices and one or more data stores. The cloud computing system110 may include cloud computing module 224 (e.g., see FIG. 2). The cloudcomputing module 224 may include one or more applications, one or moreserver devices, etc. The gateway 106 can be hardwired (e.g., viaEthernet) to a network device of a local area network, to gain access toa private or public network to access the cloud computing system 110.The gateway 106 can communicate with the cloud computing system 110 overCat 5 wiring using the TCP/IP protocol with TLS (SSL) for securecommunications. The gateway 106 can communicate with the cloud computingsystem 110 using secure communications, such as using IPV4, IPv6, orTransport Layer Security (TLS) networking protocols. The cloud computingsystem 110 can provide control logic, glare control (e.g., cause tintlevel of the EC windows 130 to be set to avoid glare), and configurationfor the electrochromic window system 100. The cloud computing system 110may receive information (e.g., via one or more application programminginterfaces (APIs), weather information, etc.) for providing glarecontrol, etc. The cloud computing system 110 may determine which ECwindows 130 each device (e.g., tint selector 120 or 128, gateway 106,etc.) and each application (e.g., dashboard mobile app 142, dashboardweb app 140, etc.) is authorized to view and/or control and the priorityof control. For example, the cloud computing system 110 may determinethat the tint selector 120 is authorized to control EC windows 130 thatare connected to drivers 104. In another example, the cloud computingsystem 110 may determine that the dashboard mobile app 142 logged in bya first user is authorized to view and control only the first window ofthe EC windows 130. During configuration (e.g., commissioning, set-up byan administrator), the cloud computing system 110 may receiveinstructions of which users and which devices are authorized to controlwhich EC windows 130. In some embodiments, the cloud computing system110 may authorize access by components (e.g., tint selectors 120 and128, gateway 106, etc.) to a wireless mesh network (e.g., duringcommissioning or set-up) and once authorized, subsequent access of thewireless mesh network is not dependent on further authorization (e.g.,components are authorized during commissioning or set-up and do not needfurther authorization to continue accessing).

In some embodiments, the cloud computing system 110 may use machinelearning to provide control of the EC windows 130. In some embodiments,the cloud computing system 110 may include a broker module to receivedata from the gateway 106, sensor hub 126, etc. (e.g., for providingglare control, for providing data visibility) and to transmit data toother gateways 106. In some embodiments, control of the EC windows 130may be distributed over the cloud computing system 110 and the gateway106. For example, the cloud computing system 110 may provide settingsfiles (e.g., a schedule, rules, etc.) to the gateway 106 and the gateway106 may control the EC windows 130 based on the settings files. Thecloud computing system 110 may send additional instructions to thegateway 106 to deviate from the settings files in controlling the ECwindows 130 (e.g., responsive to the cloud computing system 110receiving user input via a dashboard mobile app 142, sensor data via thesensor hub 126, the gateway 106 may provide a conduit for control of theEC windows 130, etc.)

The cloud computing system 110 can provide automation algorithms, dataanalytics, user management, security protocols, and the like. The cloudcomputing system 110 can provide extensive system health monitoring andproactive troubleshooting, as well as provide third-party integrationwithout complicated on-site technical support. The cloud computingsystem 110 can provide a system dashboard to a dashboard web app 140 ona desktop computer, a dashboard mobile app 142 on a personal computingdevice, or both. The dashboard web app 140 and the dashboard mobile app142 can be used to monitor or control the electrochromic window system100. The dashboard web app 140 and the dashboard mobile app 142 areapplications that may be executed on one or more user devices. Forexample, the dashboard mobile app 142 may execute on a mobile userdevice, such as a smart phone or a tablet. The dashboard web app 140 mayexecute on a desktop, laptop, etc. The dashboard web app 140 or thedashboard mobile app 142 (executing on a user device) may receive userinput (e.g., selection of one or more EC windows and a tint level) viathe user device and may transmit the user input to the cloud computingsystem 110. Responsive to determining that the user input is a requestto view information (e.g., monitor current status of components, currentmode of EC windows 130, etc.), the cloud computing system 110 mayretrieve the information and transmit the information to the user deviceto cause the dashboard web app 140 or dashboard mobile app 142 todisplay the requested information. Responsive to determining that theuser input is a request to change operation of one or more components ofthe electrochromic window system 100, such as a request to tint a firstEC window associated with a first driver, the cloud computing system 110may transmit the user input to the gateway 106, the gateway 106 maytransmit the user input to the first driver, and the first driver maycontrol the tint level of the first EC window based on the user input.

The cloud computing system 110 can also interact with other devices ornetworks, such as a second cloud computing system 146, as illustrated inFIG. 1, that communicates with a voice-controlled device 144. Forexample, the voice-controlled device 144 may receive audible commandsfrom a user to control or get a report of the electrochromic windowsystem 100. The dashboard web app 140 and the dashboard mobile app 142can communicate with the cloud computing system 110 using the TCP/IPprotocol with TLS (SSL) and using encryption and authentication forsecure communications. The cloud computing system 110 can include amicroservice architecture that is exposed through APIs to manageinteraction with onsite components, such as the gateways, drivers, andtint selectors. The cloud computing system 110 can eliminate complicatedonsite networking requirements, as the external control occurs throughthe APIs. The cloud computing system 110 can provide centralized dataaggregation from all deployments to facilitate automation and analytics.The centralized data aggregation of the cloud computing system 110 mayalso include data from the manufacturing, testing, and assembly of theEC Windows 130 and any associated hardware of the electrochromic windowsystem 100 (e.g. drivers 104, gateways 106, etc.). The cloud computingsystem 110 can leverage various authentication and authorizationtechnologies to secure site access. The cloud computing system providesa robust platform that facilitates on-demand load scaling and healthmonitoring. The cloud computing system 110 can also provide a betterpath for onsite workload migration, backed by a robust central cloudstore.

As described above, the gateway 106 communicates directly with the cloudcomputing system 110 through secured channel(s). The gateway 106communicates with the cloud computing system 110 on behalf of the set ofdrivers 104 and the distributed EMS 102. The gateway 106, the set ofdrivers 104, and the distributed EMS 102 communicate with each otherover wireless connections, such as over a secure thread wirelessnetwork. For example, each of these components can communicate usingIEEE 802.15.4, 2.4 GHz, IPv6 mesh network routing (thread). Thesecommunications can be encrypted with 128-bit AES encryption.Alternatively, other mesh networks can be used, as well as otherfrequencies, and encryption techniques.

It should be noted that, after the drivers and the distributed EMS areconfigured via the gateway, the distributed EMS and driver behavior isnot dependent on the gateway for safe operation. That is, the gatewaycan be disconnected and the drivers will not drain the batteries of thedistributed EMS.

As illustrated in FIG. 1, the electrochromic window system 100 mayinclude additional devices, such as a tint selector 120, an occupancysensor 122, an occupancy sensor interface and thread range extender 138,a building sensor 124 (e.g., roof mounted irradiance sensor), and asensor hub 126.

The sensor hub 126 can be powered by an external power supply 136 andcan be hardwired to a local area network, much like the gateway 106.

The occupancy sensor interface, thread range extender 138, and occupancysensor 122 can be powered by an external power supply and can send orreceive signals to or from a lighting system or a building managementsystem (BMS). The tint selector 120 and occupancy sensor interface andthread range extender 138 can communicate with other devices on thewireless mesh network.

The tint selector 120 can be a device that is mounted on a wall where auser can activate a transition of one or more EC windows 130. The tintselector 120 can be mounted or otherwise disposed in a building havingthe EC windows 130 to permit user control of one or more EC windows 130(e.g., the set of EC windows). The tint selector 120 can be programmedto be part of group of EC windows (e.g., a set of windows that are to beset at the same tint level, e.g., all EC windows in the group tinted50%). That is, the tint selector 120 can be associated with the set ofdrivers 104 and the gateway 106. Alternatively, the tint selector 120can be associated with a scene of one or more EC windows. Upon receivinguser input (e.g., via the tint selector 120) for EC windows to be tintedin a scene, one or more first EC windows of the scene are to be tintedat a first tint level and one or more second EC windows of the scene areto be tinted at a second tint level (e.g., all EC windows of the sceneare to be tinted 100% except for one EC window of the scene that is tobe tinted 50%). Upon receiving user input, the tint selector maytransmit (e.g., multicast) a signal to the corresponding drivers tocause the EC windows to change tint level. The tint selector may alsotransmit the user input to the gateway 106 to cause the gateway totransmit the user input to the cloud computing system 110.

The electrochromic window system 100 can include one or more additionaltint selectors, such as illustrated in FIG. 1 by a second tint selector128 that is also wirelessly coupled to the wireless mesh network. Thesecond tint selector 128 can be associated with the same group or sceneas the tint selector 120. Alternatively, the second tint selector 128can be associated with a different group or a different scene as thetint selector 120.

In a further embodiment, the electrochromic window system 100 caninclude one or more cabinets, such as illustrated in FIG. 1 with asecond cabinet 118. The second cabinet 118 can include a seconddistributed EMS 112 and a second set of drivers 114. In some cases, thesecond cabinet 118 does not include a second gateway and the gateway 106manages the second set of drivers 114 as well. An external power supply134 is coupled to provide external power to the second distributed EMS112 and the second set of drivers 114 within the second cabinet 118. Forexample, 16 AWG 2 conductor plenum cables can provide lower voltage(48V) or higher voltage (110-240V) to the second cabinet 118. Theexternal power supply 134 can be located in proximity to the secondcabinet 118 or farther away from the second cabinet 118, such as up to350 feet. In other cases, more than two cabinets may be used. It shouldalso be noted that additional external power supplies can be used topower the components in the first cabinet 108 and the second cabinet118.

Each component of the electrochromic window system 100 can be designedto automatically obtain critical operating data from the cloud computingsystem 110 to avoid a single failure requiring significant maintenancedowntime. Although various components are illustrated in FIG. 1, inother embodiments, the electrochromic window system 100 may include moreor less components than as illustrated in FIG. 1.

In another embodiment, the electrochromic window system 100 includesdrivers 160 located at each of the set of EC windows 130, instead of orin addition to the set of drivers 104 in the first cabinet 108. In somecases, each EC window 130 has a driver 160, as illustrated. In othercases, a single driver 160 can drive multiple EC windows 130. Thedrivers 160 can be coupled to an external power supply. The externalpower supply can be located at the EC window 130 or in close proximity.In this case, the external power supplies for the set of EC windows 130can be considered to be distributed, instead of centralized as describedabove. In other cases, the drivers 160 do not use an external powersupply.

It should be noted that various embodiments described herein aredescribed with respect to a commercial installation. In otherembodiments, the electrochromic window system 100 can be deployed in aresidential installation. In those cases, there may be modifications tothe electrochromic window system 100 as described above to accommodatedifferences between the commercial installation and the residentialinstallation.

In some embodiments (e.g., residential installations), one or more ofthe components of the electrochromic window system 100 may be combined.For example, one piece of hardware may include a gateway and may includetwo or more electrochromic windows (e.g., hardware that includes agateway and one or more drivers). In some embodiments (e.g., residentialinstallations), the gateway may transmit data less frequently and/ortransmit less data. In some examples, the gateway transmits data at apredetermined point in time (e.g., without transmitting a subset of thedata stream immediately). In some examples, the gateway discards asubset of the data stream (e.g., does not store the subset in the datafile to be transmitted to the server device. In some examples, thegateway stores the data stream or a subset of the data stream locally(e.g., instead of transmitting the data stream to the server device). Insome embodiments, the gateway transmits a subset of the data stream tothe server device responsive to a request (e.g., specifying particulartypes of events, errors, malfunctions, etc.) from the server device(e.g., otherwise the gateway stores and/or discards data). In someembodiments, the gateway dynamically configures what data is transmitted(e.g., based on bandwidth, storage, cost, etc.). In some embodiments,the gateway transmits and/or stores the data that changes (e.g., changesover time, varies from a schedule, that is not redundant, changes fromlast state of interest, reportable change, anomalous behavior, manuallyoverriding a tinting schedule, etc.).

In some embodiments, one or more of a corresponding tint selector 120,driver 104, one or more EC windows 130, occupancy sensor, etc. arelocated in each unit (e.g., townhome, apartment, portion ofprefabricated building, portion of modular building) and a commongateway 106 is located in a central location (e.g., hallway, mechanicalroom, etc.). Thread range extenders may be used for the common gateway106 to communicate with the other components. A user may have access toa user account and a tint selector that only control EC windows 130corresponding to the unit to which the user has access.

In some embodiments, one or more components (e.g., gateway 106, sensorhub 126, etc.) of the electrochromic window system 100 may have two ormore network connections. In some examples, two or more wired networkconnections (e.g., each corresponding to a different network) may berouted to the same component. In some examples, a wired networkconnection and a wireless network connection (e.g., each correspondingto a different network) may be provided to the same component. In someexamples, two or more wireless network connections (e.g., eachcorresponding to a different network) may be provided to the samecomponent. A first network may be a primary network (e.g., cablenetwork, Ethernet network, etc. 0 and a second network may be a cellmodem backup network (e.g., integrated cellular modular in the cabinet).The cabinet 108 may have a router for receiving the different networkconnections. The one or more networks to which components of theelectrochromic window system 100 are connected may be separate fromother building networks.

In some embodiments, one or more components (e.g., gateway 106, sensorhub 126, etc.) of the electrochromic window system 100 transmit andreceive data via the network that is functioning (e.g., if the primarynetwork is down, the cell modem backup network is used). In someembodiments, one network (e.g., cable network) has a lower price than abackup network (e.g., cell modem backup network). The components of theelectrochromic window system 100 may send higher priority data viawhichever network is functioning and may wait until the lower-pricenetwork is functioning to transmit lower priority data. In someembodiments, one or more components (e.g., gateway 106, sensor hub 126,etc.) of the electrochromic window system 100 are aware of which networkconnection is functioning. In some embodiments, one or more components(e.g., gateway 106, sensor hub 126, etc.) of the electrochromic windowsystem 100 transmit a message to the cloud computing system 110 (e.g.,requesting via which network the cloud computing system 110 is receivingthe message) and the cloud computing system 110 may provide a responseindicating via which network (e.g., hardwired network or cellularnetwork) the message was received. The component of the electrochromicwindow system 100 may determine which network is functioning based onthe response.

In some embodiments, one or more components of the electrochromic windowsystem 100 use wireless power (e.g., wireless power transfer (WPT),non-wired power). The wireless transfer of power may be via induction(e.g., electromagnetic induction, inductive coupling of magnetic fields,non-radiative induction), resonance (e.g., radiative electromagneticresonance, resonance induction), radio frequency (RF) power transfer(e.g., uncoupled RF wireless power transfer), microwave power transfer,and/or laser power transfer. For example, a driver may wirelesslytransmit power to an EC window 130.

In some embodiments, one or more of the EC windows 130 are photovoltaic(PV) windows (e.g., PV EC windows) that include a PV coating coupled toa battery. The PV coating may collect energy from the sun and charge thebattery. The battery, wireless power, and/or an external power supply(e.g., via one or more drivers, via distributed EMS, etc.) may be usedto tint the EC window (e.g., the battery may be used first and then oneor more drivers may be used as a backup power supply).

FIG. 2 is a block diagram of an electrochromic window system 200 (e.g.,smart window system) with a gateway 106 associated with the control ofelectrochromic devices, according to certain embodiments. Componentswith the same reference number as those in FIG. 1 may include similar orthe same functionalities as those described in relation to FIG. 1. Insome embodiments, functionalities described herein as performed by thecloud computing system 110 (e.g., cloud computing module 224, brokermodule 222, etc.) can be performed by the gateway 106 (e.g., gateway 106controls the EC windows 130). In some embodiments, functionalitiesdescribed herein as performed by the gateway 106 can be performed by thecloud computing system 110 (e.g., the cloud computing system 110controls the EC windows 130 and the gateway 106 provides a conduit forcontrol). In some embodiments, the cloud computing system 110 maycoordinate control of the EC windows 130. In some embodiments, thegateway 106 may coordinate control the EC windows 130 responsive to notreceiving instructions for controlling the EC windows 130 from the cloudcomputing system 110. For example, the cloud computing module 224 (e.g.,logic, schedules, trained machine learning model, a retrained machinelearning model, etc.) may be deployed at the gateway 106. Components ofthe electrochromic window system 200 may have a wired and/or wirelessconnection to one or more other components of the electrochromic windowsystem 200. For example, the gateway may have a wired and/or wirelessconnection to one or more of the distributed EMS 102, one or moredrivers 104, sensor hub 126, exterior sensor 216, interior sensor 206,tint selector 120, and/or one or more EC windows 130. Each of thecomponents of the electrochromic window system 200 may have one or morewireless interfaces, one or more wired interfaces, or any combinationthereof. For example, one or more components of the electrochromicwindow system 200 may include one or more radios, one or more wiredtransceivers (e.g., Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter (UART),power line communication (PLC) transceiver), or the like. One or morecomponents (e.g., drivers 104, the gateway 106, the tint selector 120,or the like) of the electrochromic window system 200 may communicateover one or more wired connections or even over power lines.

One or more modules, functionalities, data stores, etc. of cloudcomputing system 110 may be provided by a third party service. In someembodiments, the broker module 222 may be provided by a third party(e.g., a third party on-demand cloud computing platform provider). Insome embodiments, the broker module 222 is provided by the same entitythat provides the cloud computing module 224. In some embodiments, thecloud computing module 224 is a single module that operates on the cloudcomputing system 110. In some embodiments, the cloud computing module224 includes two or more modules (e.g., two or more microservices, twoor more applications). In some embodiments, the cloud computing module224 may include one or more applications and one or more servers.

The electrochromic window system 200 may include the cloud computingsystem 110 and components including one or more of drivers 104, one ormore gateways 106, EC windows 130 (e.g., PV EC windows, battery coupledto PV coating, etc.), distributed EMS 102, tint selector 120, interiorsensors 206, sensor hub 126, exterior sensors 216, components associatedwith wireless power transfer, etc. The cloud computing system 110 mayinclude the cloud computing module 224 and broker module 222. The cloudcomputing module 224 may identify, send instructions to, and receivedata from the components of the electrochromic window system 200 (e.g.,via broker module 222).

The cloud computing system 110 is coupled to one or more gateways 106, asensor hub 126, a dashboard web app 140, and a dashboard mobile app 142.Each gateway 106 may be coupled via a corresponding wireless meshnetwork to drivers 104, interior sensors 206 (e.g., occupancy sensor122, occupancy sensor interface and thread range extender 138, etc.),one or more tint selectors 120, and the distributed EMS 102. The gateway106 may include characteristics of one or more of a hub, proxy, oraggregator. A sensor hub 126 may be coupled to one or more exteriorsensors 216. The drivers 104, distributed EMS 102, tint selector 120,and interior sensors 206 may be disposed proximate the gateway 106(e.g., within the building, within range of the wireless mesh network,etc.). The interior sensors 206 may include one or more of interiorlight sensors, a sensor on a window to collect EC window 130transmittance data, sensors to collect photographic data from interiorof building, occupancy sensors, etc. The exterior sensors 216 may bedisposed proximate sensor hub 126 (e.g., proximate the roof of thebuilding, on the roof, proximate the edge of the roof, etc.). Theexterior sensors 216 may include one or more of light sensors on thesides of buildings, temperature and/or humidity sensors, sensors (orcameras) to collect photographic data of cloud cover (or irradiance),irradiance sensor, rooftop pyranometer sensor (e.g., measure totalglobal irradiance, measure diffuse horizontal irradiance (shadowedlight, diffuse horizontal irradiance (DHI)), calculate direct normalirradiance, include non-visible spectrum), etc. DHI may refer to theterrestrial irradiance received by a surface (e.g., horizontal surface)which has been scattered or diffused by the atmosphere. DHI may be acomponent of global horizontal irradiance which may not come from thebeam of the sun (e.g., beam may be about a 5-degree field of viewconcentric around the sun).

In some embodiments, a sensor (e.g., interior sensor 206, exteriorsensor 216) transmits sensor data to the gateway 106. For example, oneor more exterior sensors 216 (e.g., camera, temperature sensor,illuminance sensor, humidity sensor, pressure sensor, rain sensor, orthe like) may be mounted on the roof and may transmit data (e.g., sensordata, images, etc.) to the gateway 106. In some embodiments, an exteriorsensor 216 is coupled (e.g., wirelessly, wired, etc.) with the gateway106 (e.g., without use of a sensor hub 126). In some embodiments, anexterior sensor 216 communicates with cloud computing system 110 (e.g.,without use of a sensor hub 126, without use of gateway 106). In someembodiments, a sensor (e.g., interior sensor 206, exterior sensor 216)has a wireless module to be able to communicate with the cloud computingsystem 110 and/or other components (e.g., sensor hub 126, gateway 106,etc.). In some embodiments, one or more exterior sensors 216 and asensor hub 126 may be integrated into a single component that has thefunctionalities of one or more exterior sensors 216 and the sensor hub126.

The gateway 106 and a sensor hub 126 may be coupled to the cloudcomputing system 110. The cloud computing system 110 may include abroker module 222 and a cloud computing module 224. In some embodiments,the cloud computing system 110 includes one or more server devices thatinclude broker module 222 and cloud computing module 224. One or moremodules, functionalities, data stores, etc. of cloud computing system110 may be provided by a third party service. In some embodiments, thebroker module 222 may be provided by a third party (e.g., a third partyon-demand cloud computing platform provider). In some embodiments, thebroker module 222 is provided by the same entity that provides the cloudcomputing module 224. In some embodiments, the cloud computing module224 is a single module that operates on the cloud computing system 110.In some embodiments, the cloud computing module 224 includes two or moremodules (e.g., two or more microservices).

The gateway 106 includes a processing device 202 and a memory 204. Thememory 204 may be a persistent (e.g., non-volatile) storage. In someembodiments, the memory 204 may include flash memory, such as anembedded multi-media controller (eMMC) memory (e.g., flash memory andflash memory controller integrated on the same silicon die). In someembodiments, the memory 204 may include random-access memory (RAM) tostore a representation (e.g., state) of each node (e.g., driver 104,distributed EMS 102, interior sensor 206, tint selector 120, etc.) onthe wireless mesh network at a given time. The memory 204 may storesettings files, one or more configuration files, and a data file. Thememory 204 may store a different configuration file for each differenttype of driver 104 (e.g., a different configuration file for each driver104 that controls a different type (e.g., size) of EC window 130). Thedata file (e.g., log file) may include less relevant data aggregatedfrom the data streams from the drivers 104. The data in the data filemay not be retained in memory 204 subsequent to transmitting of the datafile to the cloud computing system 110 (e.g., the data may betransmitted to the cloud computing system 110 and then erased from thememory 204).

The sensor hub 126 includes a processing device 212 and a memory 214.The processing device 212 may be similar to the processing device 202 ofthe gateway 106 and the memory 214 may be similar to the memory 204 ofthe gateway 106. The sensor hub 126 is coupled to one or more exteriorsensors 216 (e.g., building sensor 124, roof mounted irradiance sensors)and the cloud computing system 110. The memory 214 may store aconfiguration file (e.g., indicating settings, schedule, rules, etc.) ofthe sensor hub 126. The sensor hub 126 may be coupled to each exteriorsensor 216 by one or more interconnects (e.g., physical links, wirelesslinks, etc.). For example, a first interconnect coupling the sensor hub126 and an exterior sensor 216 may be a first cable for serial datatransfer (e.g., transferring sensor data) and a second interconnectcoupling the sensor hub 126 and the exterior sensor 216 may be a secondcable for heating of the exterior sensor 216 (e.g., power supply forheating the sensor upon detecting snow or ice).

Each of the drivers 104 includes a control module 220. Each controlmodule 220 may include a processing device and memory. Each controlmodule 220 may include one or more of configurations (e.g., individualsettings based on the size of the corresponding EC window 130),software, or firmware. Drivers 104 of the same type (e.g., type ofhardware) or category may include the one or more of the same softwareor firmware. Each of the drivers 104 is coupled to the gateway 106 and acorresponding tint selector 120 via the wireless mesh network. Each ofthe drivers 104 is coupled to a corresponding EC window 130, oralternatively a driver 104 may be coupled to two or more EC windows. Inan alternate embodiment the EC window 130 may have multipleelectrochromic panels. In this embodiment the multiple electrochromicpanels may each be coupled to a driver 104 or the multipleelectrochromic panels may be coupled to a single driver 104 (e.g. a twopanel EC window would be driven by a single driver 104.) Each of thedrivers 104 may transmit a corresponding data stream to the gateway 106based on the driver 104 and the corresponding EC window 130. Each datastream may include events (e.g., indicating an EC window 130 changingfrom a first tint level to a second tint level, a driver 104 beingreset), faults (e.g., the EC window 130 exceeded a threshold temperatureor stopped tinting), and measurements (e.g., a current measurement orvoltage measurement of the electrochromic device). Each driver 104 maytransmit measurements periodically (e.g., send current and voltagemeasurements every 30-45 seconds) and may transmit events and faultsupon identifying the events and faults (e.g., more rapidly than every30-45 seconds, in real-time). Each data stream may include themeasurements (e.g., periodically sent), events (e.g., sent asidentified), and faults (e.g., sent as identified). Each driver 104 mayhave an internal buffer for filtering the transmission of measurements,events, and faults. The driver may transmit a current measurement and avoltage measurement as measured at a first point in time (e.g., zeroseconds), transmit a current measurement and a voltage measurement asmeasured at a second point in time (e.g., thirty seconds), and thecurrent and voltage measurements between the first point in time and thesecond point in time (e.g., 1-29 seconds) may be disregarded (e.g., nottransmitted, not stored).

The gateway 106 may transmit sensor data received from interior sensors206 and signals received from the tint selector 120 to the cloudcomputing system 110. The tint selector 120 may transmit a signal to oneor more components (e.g., to the drivers 104, to the drivers 104 and thegateway 106) to set the tint level of one or more EC windows 130. Forexample, the tint selector 120 may transmit a signal to a set of drivers104 to set multiple EC windows 130 at the same tint level (e.g., wherethe multiple EC windows 130 are along the same façade, correspond to thesame conference room, etc.). In another example, the tint selector 120may transmit a signal to a set of drivers 104 to set different ECwindows 130 at different tint levels (e.g., a first EC window 130 at afirst tint level and a second EC window 130 at a second tint level). Insome embodiments, the tint selector 120 may transmit a signal to thedrivers 104 (to cause EC windows 130 coupled to the drivers 104 to beset to a tint level) and/or the gateway 106 (to cause EC windows coupledto a different gateway to be set to a tint level).

The processing device 202 of the gateway 106 may receive each of thedata streams and transmit at least a portion of the data streams to thecloud computing system 110. For example, the processing device 202 mayidentify a first subset of data (e.g., events, faults, etc.) from thedata streams that is more relevant (e.g., higher priority) than a secondsubset of data (e.g., current measurements, voltage measurements, etc.)from the data streams. Upon identifying the first subset, the processingdevice 202 may transmit (e.g., faster than the second subset) the firstsubset to the cloud computing system 110 (e.g., server device). Theprocessing device 202 may store the second subset in a data file in thememory 204 and may transmit the data file to the cloud computing system110 at a predetermined time. For example, the processing device 202transmits a data file at a predetermined time each day, where the datafile includes the second subset of data (e.g., measurements, etc.)received from the drivers 104 since the previous data file wastransmitted.

The broker module 222 of the cloud computing system 110 may receive, viathe gateway 106, the first subset of data (e.g., that is transmittedupon being identified), the data file (e.g., that is transmittedperiodically), sensor data (e.g., from the interior sensors 206), andsignals (e.g., from the tint selector 120). The broker module 222 mayalso receive sensor data via the sensor hub 126 (e.g., received from theexterior sensors 216). The cloud computing module 224 may retrievedifferent types of data from the broker module 222. The cloud computingmodule 224 may store different types of data in different data stores(e.g., databases) of the cloud computing system 110 (e.g., responsive tolistening for different types of data, via one or more APIs). Forexample, the cloud computing module 224 may store the data files (e.g.,second subset of data that is less relevant than the first subset ofdata, current and voltage measurements, etc.) in a corresponding datastore to be used for historical analysis. The cloud computing module 224may store sensor data from one or more of an exterior sensor 216 or aninterior sensor 206 in a corresponding data store to be used forperforming glare control. The cloud computing module 224 may store faultdata in a corresponding data store for troubleshooting or alerting theuser. The cloud computing module 224 may store data indicating changingtint levels of EC windows 130 in a corresponding data store. The cloudcomputing module 224 may retrieve (e.g., and distribute) data from thedifferent data stores for performing different functions (e.g.,historical analysis, troubleshooting, alerting, reporting changing oftint levels, performing glare control, etc.). The cloud computing module224 may retrieve data from different data stores for differentmicroservices or event statements.

In some embodiments, the gateway 106 may (e.g., based on settingsfiles), transmit data (e.g., received from drivers, etc.) to the cloudcomputing system 110 at certain times of day, certain days of the week,and/or during certain modes. For example, the gateway 106 may transmitdata to the cloud computing system 110 during daylight hours and notduring non-daylight hours (e.g., tint levels may not be changing duringnon-daylight hours). In another example, the gateway 106 transmits datato the cloud computing system 110 during occupied modes (e.g., glarecontrol, manual control, etc.) and not during unoccupied modes (e.g.,tint levels may not be changing during non-occupied modes). In anotherexample, the gateway transmits data to the cloud computing system 110during weekdays and not during weekends (e.g., tint levels may not bechanging during weekends). In some embodiments, the gateway 106transmits data at higher rates during one or more of daylight oroccupied times and at lower rates during non-daylight or unoccupiedtimes (e.g., data is less likely to be changing during non-daylight andunoccupied times, so it may be less relevant).

In some embodiments, the cloud computing module 224 (e.g., by an APImicroservice of the cloud computing module 224) receives requests froman application (e.g., from dashboard web app 140, dashboard mobile app,etc.). For example, a request may be for a status update of one or moredevices (e.g., EC windows 130, drivers 104, gateway 106, etc.) of theelectrochromic window system 200. The cloud computing module 224 maytransmit the requests to the gateway 106 via the broker module 222. Thegateway 106 may send a response to the broker module 222, and the cloudcomputing module 224 may obtain the response from the broker module 222,and the cloud computing module 224 may provide the response to theapplication (e.g., to dashboard web app 140, dashboard mobile app,etc.). In some embodiments, multiple components (e.g., modules, apps,etc.) may participate in the requests. For example, an API microserviceof the cloud computing module 224 may receive a request (e.g., from thedashboard mobile app 142, dashboard web app 140, etc.) and perform theactions corresponding to the request. A second microservice of the cloudcomputing module 224 may obtain the result (e.g., the result of the APImicroservice performing the actions corresponding to the request) andstore the result (e.g., in a database of the cloud computing system110). A dashboard mobile app 142 or dashboard web app 140 may retrievethe result stored by the second microservice and may display the resultto the user. In some embodiments, the cloud computing module 224 maycommunicate with the gateway 106 by going through a differentintermediary than the broker module 222.

In some embodiments, the gateway 106 may receive an indication from thedistributed EMS 102 that the power has gone out. The gateway 106 maydetermine (e.g., based on the settings files) a tint level that shouldbe used for the EC windows 130 during power outage (e.g., clear all ECwindows 130, tint all EC windows 130, etc.). The gateway 106 may controlthe drivers 104 to set the EC windows 130 to the determined tint levelduring the power outage (e.g., using the power stored in the distributedEMS 102). In some embodiments, the drivers 104 may receive an indicationfrom the distributed EMS 102 that the power has gone out. The drivers104 may determine (e.g., based on a configuration file of the driver) atint level that should be used for the EC windows 130 during poweroutage (e.g., clear all EC windows 130, tint all EC windows 130, etc.).The drivers 104 may set the EC windows 130 to the determined tint levelduring the power outage (e.g., using the power stored in the distributedEMS 102).

In some embodiments, the gateway 106 may determine (e.g., based onsettings files) a first tint level for an unoccupied state (e.g.,interior sensor 206 does not detect motion in an office) and a secondtint level for an occupied state (e.g., interior sensor 206 detectsmotion in an office). Responsive to receiving a signal indicating motionfrom an interior sensor 206, the gateway 106 may cause the drivers 104to set the EC windows 130 to the second tint level. If a signalindicating motion from an interior sensor 206 is not received for athreshold amount of time, the gateway 106 may cause the drivers 104 toset the EC windows 130 to the first tint level.

In some embodiments, the electrochromic window system 200 may usemachine learning to control the EC windows 130. The cloud computingmodule 224 may generate a data set (e.g., training set, validation set,testing set) including data input and target output. The data input mayinclude historical conditions including one or more of sensor data(e.g., from interior sensors 206, exterior sensors 216), the time ofday, day of the week (e.g., weekend or weekday), or the time of year(e.g., specific date, month, season, etc.). In one example, thehistorical conditions may include the occupancy sensor determiningmovement in the building, the roof sensor detecting direct sunlight, andit being a weekday at specific time and on a specific day. In anotherexample, the historical conditions are the time of day, weekday orweekend, and time of year (e.g., night on a weekday in January). Thetarget output may be the actual tint level of the EC window 130 (e.g.,0% tint, 50% tint, 100% tint, etc.). The cloud computing module 224 maytrain the machine learning model based on the data set to generate atrained machine learning model. In some embodiments, the cloud computingmodule 224 may split the data set into one or more of a training set,validation set, or testing set and the cloud computing module 224 mayone or more of train, validate, or test the machine learning modulebased on the data set.

In some embodiments, the cloud computing module 224 receives currentconditions (e.g., including one or more of sensor data, time of day, dayof the week, or time of year), inputs the current conditions into thetrained machine learning model, extracts a predicted tint level of eachof the EC windows 130 from output of the trained machine learning model,and causes the EC windows 130 to be tinted at the predicted tint level.In some embodiments, the cloud computing module 224 deploys the trainedmachine learning model to the gateway 106 and the gateway receives thecurrent conditions, inputs the current conditions into the trainedmachine learning model, extracts a predicted tint level of each of theEC windows 130 from output of the trained machine learning model, andcauses the EC windows 130 to be tinted at the predicted tint level.

Responsive to the tint level of the EC windows 130 being set based onthe predicted tint levels, the cloud computing module 224 may determineuser input adjusting the tint levels of one or more of the EC windows130. The cloud computing module 224 may use the actual tint levelresponsive to the user input and the current conditions thatcorresponded to that actual tint level to re-train the trained machinelearning module. In some embodiments, the cloud computing module 224 maytrain and re-train the machine learning model without use of sensor datafrom one or more of exterior sensors 216 or interior sensors 206. Insome embodiments, the trained machine learning model can be specific toa particular user (e.g., the occupant of an office, a group of users)and may be retrained to be specific to a different user or one or moreadditional users (e.g., responsive to a different user or one or moreadditional users becoming occupants of the office).

The memory 204 of the gateway 106 may store credentials files. Theprocessing device 202 of the gateway 106 may use the credentials filesto communicate with the cloud computing system 110. The credentialsfiles may be created or configured responsive to the gateway 106 beingestablished (e.g., during commissioning) as a trusted device forperforming certain actions and controlling certain devices (e.g., thedrivers 104). The cloud computing system 110 may be aware of (e.g.,responsive to commissioning) which devices (e.g., gateway 106, drivers104, tint selector 120, interior sensor 206, etc.) are linked (e.g.,physically, via a network, via an application).

The cloud computing system 110 may send one or more of software orfirmware updates for devices in the electrochromic window system 200.For example, the cloud computing system 110 may transmit a gatewaysoftware update to the gateway 106 for updating the software of thegateway 106. The cloud computing system 110 may transmit a sensor hubsoftware update to the sensor hub 126 for updating the software of thesensor hub 126. The cloud computing system 110 may transmit a driversoftware or firmware updates to the gateway 106 and, upon receiving thedriver software or firmware updates, the processing device 202 of thegateway 106 may update the drivers 104 based on the driver software orfirmware updates (e.g., by transmitting a corresponding driver softwareor firmware update to each of the drivers 104). The processing device202 may store the driver software or firmware updates in the memory 204and update the drivers 104 at a point in time when the drivers 104 arenot in use (e.g., at night). The processing device 202 may update afirst subset of the drivers 104 at a first point in time and a secondsubset of the drivers at a second point in time (e.g., update inbatches, update one at a time, etc.). In some embodiments, to re-flashor upgrade the firmware of a driver 104 may take a predetermined amountof time (e.g., five to ten minutes). By the gateway 106 re-flashing orupgrading the firmware of each driver 104 (e.g., one by one, at acategorical level), may save processor overhead and bandwidth of thecloud computing system 110.

Responsive to the electrochromic window system 200 being set up (e.g.,commissioned), the gateway 106, drivers 104, and sensor hub 126 may beconfigured for the electrochromic window system 200. For example, eachdriver 104 may be configured for the specific type of corresponding ECwindow, a specific size of the corresponding EC window 130, a specificgroup or scene of EC windows (e.g., the EC window 130 corresponding tothe driver 104 is to be set to a corresponding tint level during aspecific group or scene), etc. The configurations of each driver 104 maybe stored in a corresponding configuration file. The configuration filemay be stored in the memory 204 of the gateway 106 and at the cloudcomputing system 110. Responsive to determining that a driver 104 beingreplaced by a new driver, the gateway 106 may configure the new driverbased on the configuration file of the previous driver 104. For example,the new driver may be scanned and registered with the cloud computingsystem 110 and the cloud computing system 110 may cause the gateway 106to transmit the configuration data (e.g., security parameters for thewireless mesh network, configurations based on the size and type of ECwindow that corresponds to the driver, scene or group of the EC windowthat corresponds to the driver, configuration file, etc.) to the newdriver to configure the new driver.

The configurations of a gateway 106 may be stored in a gatewayconfiguration file at the cloud computing system 110. The configurationsof the gateway 106 may include number of EC windows 130 or drivers 104to which the gateway 106 is coupled, to which drivers 104 the gateway106 is coupled, configurations of the drivers 104, a default schedulefor controlling the EC windows, default actions to take responsive touser input (e.g., via tint selector 120, etc.), to which interiorsensors 206 the gateway 106 is coupled, how to transmit data to thecloud computing system 110, settings (e.g., schedules, rules, etc.) ofthe gateway 106, etc. Responsive to determining that the gateway 106 hasbeen replaced, the cloud computing system 110 may configure the newgateway based on the gateway configuration file of the previous gateway106. For example, an identifier (e.g., serial number) of the new gateway106 may be transmitted to the cloud computing system 110 (e.g.,responsive to being scanned) and the cloud computing system 110 mayconfigure the new gateway based on the configurations of the previousgateway 106. Responsive to determining that a gateway 106 and a driver104 have been replaced, the cloud computing system 110 may configure thenew gateway based on the gateway configuration file of the previousgateway 106 and may transmit a configuration file for the new driver tothe new gateway so that the new gateway may configure the new driverbased on the configuration file of the previous driver 104. In someembodiments, the configurations (e.g., gateway configuration file) ofthe gateway 106 may include credentials (e.g., for communicating withthe cloud computing system 110). The credentials of a new gateway may beconfigured based on the configurations of a previous gateway. In someembodiments, one or more of the credentials of the new gateway may begenerated anew (e.g., via commissioning, via communication with theserver device of the cloud computing system 110, etc.).

The configurations of a sensor hub 126 may be stored in a sensor hubconfiguration file at the cloud computing system 110. The configurationsof the sensor hub 126 may include exterior sensors 216 to which thesensor hub 126 is coupled, periods of time to transmit sensor data andperiods of time not to transmit sensor data (e.g., transmit duringdaylight hours and not at night), how to transmit sensor data (e.g., howoften, transmit an average or median), etc. Responsive to determiningthat the sensor hub 126 has been replaced, the cloud computing system110 may configure the new sensor hub based on the sensor hubconfiguration file of the previous sensor hub 126.

The tint selector 120 may transmit (e.g., multicast) a signal. In someembodiments, the signal is multicast (e.g., a multicast signal) thatincludes instructions for one or more EC windows 130 to be set at one ormore tint levels. Each driver 104 that receives the signal may determinewhether the signal applies to that driver 104 (e.g., whether the driver104 is associated with one of the EC windows 130 specified by thesignal). In some embodiments, the signal is multicast (e.g., a multicastsignal) to the gateway 106 and a set of drivers 104 that corresponds tothe set of EC windows 130 that are to be controlled based on the signal.In some embodiments, a thread range extender 138 may expand the signalcoverage of signals transmitted by the tint selector 120 (e.g., so thatdevices further away from the tint selector 120 may receive the signal).In some embodiments, the tint selector may transmit a first signal to afirst driver 104 and a second signal to a second driver 104 to execute ascene (e.g., set one EC window to a first tint level and a second ECwindow to a second tint level). In some embodiments, the tint selector120 may transmit a signal to the first and second drivers 104 and thefirst driver 104 may determine, based on the signal, that the firstdriver 104 is to set the first EC window to a first tint level and thesecond driver 104 may determine, based on the same signal, that thesecond driver is to set the second EC window to a second tint level toexecute a scene.

A driver 104 that receives the instructions from the tint selector 120(and determines that the instructions pertain to that driver 104) mayset the tint level of the corresponding EC window 130 (e.g., withoutreceiving any instructions from the gateway 106, even if the gateway 106is offline, based on the instructions from the tint selector 120). Thetint selector 120 may directly transmit the signal to the gateway 106and the gateway 106 may transmit the signal to the cloud computingsystem 110. In some embodiments, the tint selector 120 may re-transmitthe signal until the tint selector 120 receives an acknowledgement(e.g., from the gateway 106, or from the corresponding drivers 104) thatthe signal was received.

The gateway 106 may receive settings files from the cloud computingsystem 110. The settings files may include one or more of defaultsettings, default instructions, a default schedule, default rules, etc.For example, the settings files may indicate that the EC windows 130 areto be set to a first tint level at a first predetermined time and are tobe set at a second tint level at a second predetermined time (e.g., overa period of time, such as tinting instructions for the next week). Thesettings files may assume that there is a clear sky with no clouds. Thesettings files may assume a typical sky pattern (e.g., typically cloudycertain times of day for that time of year). The gateway 106 may receiveweather information via a different source than the cloud computingsystem 110). The settings files may indicate that the EC windows 130 areto be at a first tint level responsive to a first signal (e.g., from asecurity system, based on a power failure, from a heating ventilationand air conditioning (HVAC) system, etc.). The gateway 106 may generatefirst instructions (e.g., default instructions) based on the settingsfiles and may transmit the first instructions to the drivers 104 tocontrol the EC windows 130 based on the settings files. The gateway 106may receive second instructions (e.g., deviating from the defaultsettings, based on user input via dashboard mobile app 142 or dashboardweb app 140, based on exterior sensors 216, based on glare controlalgorithm, etc.) from the cloud computing system 110 and may transmitthe second instructions to the drivers 104 to control the EC windows 130based on the second instructions. In some embodiments the secondinstructions may override the first instructions. For example the secondinstructions from the tint selector 120 or from the dashboard mobile app142 may be given priority over the first instructions (e.g. defaultinstructions).

The sensor hub 126 may be coupled to one or more exterior sensors 216(e.g., a roof mounted irradiance sensor, a camera, an image detector,etc.). The sensor hub 126 may receive sensor data from each of theexterior sensors 216. The processing device 212 of the sensor hub 126may one or more of process the sensor data received from the exteriorsensors 216 or transmit the sensor data to the cloud computing system110. The processing device 212 may one or more of process or transmitthe sensor data based on configurations (e.g., configuration file) ofthe sensor hub 126. In some embodiments, the processing device 212 onlytransmits sensor data at specified times (e.g., during daylight hours)and not at other times (e.g., not at night). In some embodiments, theprocessing device 212 determines a first subset of the sensor data(e.g., sensor data that has changed more than a threshold amount, sensordata that indicates change in direct sunlight, etc.) that is morerelevant than a second subset of the sensor data (e.g., sensor data thatdoes not change over time, sensor data that indicates no change indirect sunlight) and transmits the first subset to the cloud computingsystem 110 at a faster rate than the second subset (e.g., only transmitsthe first subset, stores the second subset to send periodically,disregards the second subset, etc.). In some embodiments, the processingdevice 212 of the sensor hub 126 determines a median sensor data value(e.g., for ten second intervals) and periodically transmits the mediansensor data values (e.g., on thirty second intervals) to the cloudcomputing system 110. In some embodiments, sensor data that is nottransmitted may be disregarded (e.g., not stored).

FIG. 3 is a block diagram of an electrochromic system 300 that includesmultiple gateways 106, according to certain embodiments. Components withthe same reference number as those in one or more of FIG. 1 or FIG. 2may include similar or the same functionalities as those described inrelation to one or more of FIG. 1 or FIG. 2.

In some embodiments, each gateway 106 may be coupled to correspondingdrivers 104 that control corresponding EC windows 130. For example,gateway 106 a may be coupled to drivers 104 a that control EC windows130 a and gateway 106 b may be coupled to drivers 104 b that control ECwindows 130 b. The gateway 106 a and drivers 104 a may be on a firstwireless mesh network and the gateway 106 b and drivers 104 b may be ona second wireless mesh network (e.g., the EC windows 130 span more thanone wireless mesh network). The drivers 104 a may be coupled to agateway 106 a and drivers 104 b to gateway 106 b because of capacities(e.g., capacity of each gateway 106, cabinet 108, distributed EMS 102,wireless mesh network, etc.), length of cables, etc.

In some embodiments, data or signals from one or more of the sensor hub126, exterior sensors 216, interior sensors 206, or tint selector 120may be used by the cloud computing system 110 to control EC windows 130a associated with gateway 106 a and EC windows 130 b associated withgateway 106 b. EC windows 130 a associated with gateway 106 a and ECwindows 130 b associated with gateway 106 b may be proximate each other(e.g., located in the same building or in buildings that are proximateto each other). Data from exterior sensors 216 may be used by the cloudcomputing system 110 to control EC windows 130 a and 130 b (e.g., directsunlight sensed by exterior sensors 216 may affect the EC windows 130 aand 130 b). Sensor hub 126 may transmit the sensor data received fromexterior sensors 216 to the cloud computing system 110 and the cloudcomputing system 110 may transmit instructions to the gateway 106 a andgateway 106 b based on the sensor data received from the sensor hub 126(e.g., instruction both gateways 106 to change the tint level of thecorresponding EC windows 130 responsive to direct sunlight sensed orlack of direct sunlight sensed by the exterior sensors 216, etc.).

In some embodiments, one gateway 106 receives a signal indicating thatthe tint level of EC windows 130 (e.g., in a group, scene, etc.) are tobe changed. For example, the signal may be associated with a tint leveland identifiers corresponding to a set of drivers 104. The EC windowsmay be coupled to different gateways 106 (e.g., on different wirelessmesh networks). For example, in FIG. 3, interior sensors 206, tintselector 120, etc. are coupled to gateway 106 a (e.g., via a firstwireless mesh network) and provide a signal (e.g., corresponding to agroup or scene) indicating that tint level of EC windows 130 a (coupledto the gateway 106 a) and tint level of EC windows 130 b (coupled togateway 106 b, e.g., on a second wireless mesh network) are to bechanged (e.g., tint level of EC windows 130 a and 130 b in the samegroup or scene is to be changed).

In some embodiments, the interior sensors 206 include an occupancysensor and responsive to the interior sensor 206 transmitting a detectedmotion signal, all of the gateways 106 are to exit an unoccupied mode.In some embodiments, the interior sensors 206 include a sensor thatdetects light (e.g., detect direct sunlight on a window, detect directsunlight in the building, detect light in the building) and responsiveto the interior sensor 206 transmitting a light-detected signal,multiple gateways are to enter a glare control mode. In someembodiments, a gateway 106 is coupled to the HVAC system (e.g., via aninterior sensor 206) and responsive to receiving a signal indicatingthat a corresponding tint level of the EC windows 130 would lower energyusage or increase comfort, multiple gateways 106 are to setcorresponding EC windows 130 to the corresponding tint level. In someembodiments, a gateway 106 may receive a signal (e.g., from a securitysystem, from building management) indicating that tint level of all ECwindows 130 coupled to all gateways 106 are to be changed (e.g., clearall EC windows 130, tint all EC windows 130).

Responsive to gateway 106 a receiving a signal (e.g., from interiorsensor 206, tint selector 120, keypad, HVAC system, security system,building management, etc.) that is for multiple gateways 106, thegateway 106 a may transmit the signal to the cloud computing system 110(e.g., to a broker module 222 executing on a server device of the cloudcomputing system 110, to perform keypad bridging). The cloud computingsystem 110 (e.g., via cloud computing module 224) may determine that thesignal is associated with additional gateways 106 (e.g., gateway 106 b)and may transmit the signal to the additional gateways 106 (e.g., viathe broker module 222). Upon receiving the signal from the cloudcomputing system 110 (e.g., via the broker module 222), the gateway 106b may cause the drivers 104 b to control the EC windows 130 b based onthe signal.

FIG. 4 is a flow diagram of a method of controlling an electrochromicdevice (e.g., EC window 130), according to certain embodiments. Themethod 400 can be performed by processing logic that can includehardware (e.g., processing device, circuitry, dedicated logic,programmable logic, microcode, hardware of a device, integrated circuit,etc.), software (e.g., instructions run or executed on a processingdevice), or a combination thereof. In some embodiments, the method 400is performed by the gateway 106 of FIG. 1 or FIG. 2 or the gateway 106 aor 106 b of FIG. 3. In another embodiment, the method 400 is performedby processing device 202 of FIG. 2. Although shown in a particularsequence or order, unless otherwise specified, the order of theprocesses can be modified. Thus, the illustrated embodiments should beunderstood only as examples, and the illustrated processes can beperformed in a different order, and some processes can be performed inparallel. Additionally, one or more processes can be omitted in variousembodiments. Thus, not all processes are required in every embodiment.Other process flows are possible.

Referring to FIG. 4, the method 400 begins at block 402 by theprocessing logic receiving a data stream from the driver 104. The datastream may include one or more of current measurements of anelectrochromic device (e.g., EC window 130) controlled by the driver104, voltage measurements of the electrochromic device, temperature ofthe electrochromic device, faults of the electrochromic device, changesto the tint level of the electrochromic device, etc.

At block 404, the processing logic transmits at least a portion of thedata stream (e.g., associated with the electrochromic devices) to aserver device (e.g., of cloud computing system 110 of one or more ofFIGS. 1-3). The processing logic (e.g., of the gateway remote from theserver) may use credentials files (e.g., received from the server deviceand/or received during commissioning) stored in memory 204 of thegateway 106 to communicate with the server device. In some embodiments,the processing logic identifies a first subset of the data stream (e.g.,faults of the electrochromic device, changes to the tint level of theelectrochromic device, etc.) that is more relevant than a second subsetof the data stream (e.g., current measurements, voltage measurements).In some embodiments, the processing logic identifies the first subset ofthe data stream by identifying changes in data (e.g., change intemperature, change in voltage, change in current, change in tint level,etc.) that is more than a threshold amount of change. The processinglogic may transmit the first subset to the server device (e.g., uponidentifying the first subset as more relevant). The processing devicemay store the second subset in a data file and may transmit the datafile (e.g., subsequent to compressing the data file) to the serverdevice at a predetermined time (e.g., the data file of less relevantdata may be transmitted daily at a predetermined time). In someembodiments, responsive to identifying the first subset that is morerelevant that the second subset, the processing logic transmits thefirst subset to the server device and stores the data stream (e.g., thefirst subset and the second subset) in the data file that is to betransmitted at the predetermined time (e.g., more relevant and lessrelevant data is stored in the data file). The data file may be storedand transmitted at the predetermined time for data backup purposes. Insome embodiments, the server device may determine the current tint levelof the electrochromic device based on the at least a portion of the datastream transmitted by the processing logic to the server device. Theserver device may store data differently based on how the data wastransmitted (e.g., transmitted in the first subset that is morerelevant, sent in the data file that includes data that is lessrelevant, etc.). The processing logic may transmit different types ofdata (e.g., first subset that is more relevant, second subset that isless relevant, data file, etc.) with an identifier associated with thetype of data (e.g., identifying the data as more relevant, lessrelevant, data file that includes more and less relevant data, databackup, etc.).

In some embodiments, the processing logic communicates (e.g., duringcommissioning) with a global server device (e.g., global API, globalserver, etc.) to determine with which local server device (e.g.,regional server such as North America server or Europe server, etc.) theprocessing logic is to communicate. For example, the processing logicmay send a request (e.g., including a location identifier) to the globalserver device during commissioning and the global server device maytransmit a response (e.g., including a URL) indicating with which localserver device the processing logic is to communicate. After determiningwith which local server device the processing logic is to communicate,the processing logic directly communicates (e.g., during day-to-daycommunications) with the local server device (e.g., the processing logiconly communicates with the global server device during commissioning).

At block 406, the processing logic, responsive to transmitting the atleast a portion of the data stream (e.g., first subset, changes in tintlevel, faults, etc.) to the server device, receives one or moreinstructions (e.g., based on the at least a portion of the data stream)from the server device. In some embodiments, responsive to transmittingthe at least a portion of the data stream that indicates that theelectrochromic device is at a tint level, the processing logic mayreceive one or more instructions from the server device indicating tochange the tint level of the electrochromic device (e.g., responsive tothe server device determining via glare control based on sensor datareceived from the sensor hub 126 that the electrochromic device is to beat a different tint level, responsive to the server device receivinguser input to change the tint level via the dashboard web app 140 ordashboard mobile app 142, etc.). The processing logic may receiveinstructions from the server device to control the electrochromic deviceresponsive to the server device determining the tint level of theelectrochromic device is to be different than the current tint levelindicated in the at least a portion of the data stream transmitted tothe server device.

At block 408, the processing logic, responsive to receiving the one ormore instructions from the server device, transmits the one or moreinstructions to the driver 104 to control the electrochromic devicebased on the one or more instructions. The processing logic may causethe driver 104 to control the tint level of the electrochromic devicebased on the one or more instructions. In some embodiments, theprocessing logic is to cause the driver 104 to control the tint level ofthe electrochromic device based on settings files (e.g., defaultsettings, default schedule, default rules) stored in the memory 204 ofthe gateway 106. The processing logic may receive the settings filesfrom the server device. The processing logic may receive the one or moreinstructions from the server device to deviate from the settings files(e.g., responsive to the server device determining that the tint levelis to be different from the default settings of the settings files).

The processing logic may receive a notification (e.g., as part of thedata stream) from the driver 104 that the tint level of theelectrochromic device has been updated based on the one or moreinstructions and the processing logic may transmit the notification(e.g., as part of a first subset of the data stream that is morerelevant) to the server device.

In some embodiments, the processing logic (e.g., of the gateway remotefrom the server) may receive driver software updates from the serverdevice for the driver 104 and may update the driver 104 based on thedriver software updates. In some embodiments, the processing logic(e.g., of the gateway remote from the server) may determine that thedriver 104 has been replaced with a new driver and may configure the newdriver based on a configuration file stored in the memory 204 of thegateway 106. The processing logic may transmit the software updatesand/or configuration data (e.g., configuration file) to a driver toupdate and/or configure the driver.

In some embodiments, the processing logic may receive data (e.g., asignal, multicast signal, etc.) from a device. For example, the data maybe a signal (e.g., received from a tint selector 120) for controllingthe electrochromic device and a second electrochromic device from a tintselector 120. In another example, the data may be sensor data (e.g.,received from an interior sensor, an exterior sensor, a sensor hub,etc.). In some embodiments, the processing logic may transmit the data(e.g., signal, sensor data) to the server device (e.g., a third partyserver device, a messaging platform, etc.) and the server device maycause a second gateway 106 b to control the second electrochromic devicebased on the data. In some embodiments, the processing logic (e.g., of afirst gateway 106 a) transmits the data (e.g., signal, sensor data) tothe second gateway 106 b for the second gateway 106 b to control thesecond electrochromic device based on the data.

FIG. 5 illustrates a diagrammatic representation of a machine in theexample form of a computer system including a set of instructionsexecutable by a computer system 500 to control an electrochromic deviceaccording to any one or more of the methodologies discussed herein. Insome embodiments, computer system 500 is a server device of a cloudcomputing system (e.g., cloud computing system 110 of one or more ofFIGS. 1-3). In some embodiments, computer system 500 is a gateway (e.g.,gateway 106 of one or more of FIGS. 1-3). The computer system 500 mayhave more or less components than those shown in FIG. 5 (e.g., gateway106 may have fewer components than shown in computer system 500). In oneembodiment, the computer system may include instructions to enableexecution of the processes and corresponding components shown anddescribed in connection with FIGS. 1-4.

In alternative embodiments, the machine may be connected (e.g.,networked) to other machines in a LAN, an intranet, an extranet, or theInternet. The machine may operate in the capacity of a server machine ina client-server network environment. The machine may be a personalcomputer (PC), a set-top box (STB), a server, a network router, switchor bridge, or any machine capable of executing a set of instructions(sequential or otherwise) that specify actions to be taken by thatmachine. Further, while a single machine is illustrated, the term“machine” shall also be taken to include any collection of machines thatindividually or jointly execute a set (or multiple sets) of instructionsto perform any one or more of the methodologies discussed herein

The example computer system 500 includes a processing device (processor)502 (e.g., processing device 202), a main memory 504 (e.g., read-onlymemory (ROM), flash memory, dynamic random access memory (DRAM) such assynchronous DRAM (SDRAM)), a static memory 506 (e.g., flash memory,static random access memory (SRAM)), and a data storage device 518,which communicate with each other via a bus 530.

Processing device 502 represents one or more general-purpose processingdevices such as a microprocessor, central processing unit, or the like.More particularly, the processing device 502 may be a complexinstruction set computing (CISC) microprocessor, reduced instruction setcomputing (RISC) microprocessor, very long instruction word (VLIW)microprocessor, or a processor implementing other instruction sets orprocessors implementing a combination of instruction sets. Theprocessing device 502 may also be one or more special-purpose processingdevices such as an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), afield programmable gate array (FPGA), a digital signal processor (DSP),network processor, or the like. In various implementations of thepresent disclosure, the processing device 502 is configured to performthe operations and processes described herein.

The computer system 500 may further include a network interface device508. The computer system 500 also may include a video display unit 510(e.g., a light emitting diode (LED) display, a liquid crystal display(LCD) or a cathode ray tube (CRT)), a human interface device 512 (e.g.,keyboard, gesture-control input device, touchpad, touchscreen,voice-controlled speaker, an alphanumeric input device, or the like), acursor control device 514 (e.g., a mouse, touchpad, touchscreen, or thelike), and a signal generation device 516 (e.g., a speaker).

The data storage device 518 may include a computer-readable storagemedium 528 (or machine-readable medium) on which is stored one or moresets of instructions embodying any one or more of the methodologies orfunctions described herein. The instructions may also reside, completelyor at least partially, within the main memory 504 and/or withinprocessing logic 526 of the processing device 502 during executionthereof by the computer system 500, the main memory 504 and theprocessing device 502 also constituting computer-readable media.

The instructions may further be transmitted or received over a network520 via the network interface device 508. While the computer-readablestorage medium 528 is shown in an example embodiment to be a singlemedium, the term “computer-readable storage medium” should be taken toinclude a single medium or multiple media (e.g., a centralized ordistributed database, and/or associated caches and servers) that storethe one or more sets of instructions. The term “computer-readablestorage medium” shall also be taken to include any medium that iscapable of storing, encoding or carrying a set of instructions forexecution by the machine and that cause the machine to perform any oneor more of the methodologies of the present disclosure. The term“computer-readable storage medium” shall accordingly be taken toinclude, but not be limited to, solid-state memories, optical media, andmagnetic media.

The preceding description sets forth numerous specific details such asexamples of specific systems, components, methods, and so forth, inorder to provide a good understanding of several embodiments of thepresent disclosure. It will be apparent to one skilled in the art,however, that at least some embodiments of the present disclosure may bepracticed without these specific details. In other instances, well-knowncomponents or methods are not described in detail or are presented insimple block diagram format in order to avoid unnecessarily obscuringthe present disclosure. Thus, the specific details set forth are merelypresented as examples. Particular implementations may vary from theseexample details and still be contemplated to be within the scope of thepresent disclosure. In the above description, numerous details are setforth.

It will be apparent, however, to one of ordinary skill in the art havingthe benefit of this disclosure, that embodiments of the disclosure maybe practiced without these specific details. In some instances,well-known structures and devices are shown in block diagram form,rather than in detail, in order to avoid obscuring the description.

Some portions of the detailed description are presented in terms ofalgorithms and symbolic representations of operations on data bitswithin a computer memory. These algorithmic descriptions andrepresentations are the means used by those skilled in the dataprocessing arts to most effectively convey the substance of their workto others skilled in the art. An algorithm is here, and generally,conceived to be a self-consistent sequence of steps leading to thedesired result. The steps are those requiring physical manipulations ofphysical quantities. Usually, though not necessarily, these quantitiestake the form of electrical, magnetic, or optical signals capable ofbeing stored, transferred, combined, compared, and otherwisemanipulated. It has proven convenient at times, principally for reasonsof common usage, to refer to these signals as bits, values, elements,symbols, characters, terms, numbers, or the like.

It should be borne in mind, however, that all of these and similar termsare to be associated with the appropriate physical quantities and aremerely convenient labels applied to these quantities. Unlessspecifically stated otherwise as apparent from the above discussion, itis appreciated that throughout the description, discussions utilizingterms such as “receiving,” identifying,” “transmitting,” “storing,”“receiving,” “updating,” determining,” “configuring,” or the like, referto the actions and processes of a computer system, or similar electroniccomputing device, that manipulates and transforms data represented asphysical (e.g., electronic) quantities within the computer system'sregisters and memories into other data similarly represented as physicalquantities within the computer system memories or registers or othersuch information storage, transmission or display devices.

Embodiments of the disclosure also relate to an apparatus for performingthe operations herein. This apparatus may be specially constructed forthe required purposes, or it may comprise a general purpose computerselectively activated or reconfigured by a computer program stored inthe computer. Such a computer program may be stored in acomputer-readable storage medium, such as, but not limited to, any typeof disk including floppy disks, optical disks, CD-ROMs, andmagnetic-optical disks, read-only memories (ROMs), random accessmemories (RAMs), EPROMs, EEPROMs, magnetic or optical cards, or any typeof media suitable for storing electronic instructions.

The algorithms and displays presented herein are not inherently relatedto any particular computer or other apparatus. Various general-purposesystems may be used with programs in accordance with the teachingsherein, or it may prove convenient to construct a more specializedapparatus to perform the required method steps. The required structurefor a variety of these systems will appear from the description below.In addition, the present embodiments are not described with reference toany particular programming language. It will be appreciated that avariety of programming languages may be used to implement the teachingsof the present disclosure as described herein. It should also be notedthat the terms “when” or the phrase “in response to,” as used herein,should be understood to indicate that there may be intervening time,intervening events, or both before the identified operation isperformed.

It is to be understood that the above description is intended to beillustrative, and not restrictive. Many other embodiments will beapparent to those of skill in the art upon reading and understanding theabove description. The scope of the disclosure should, therefore, bedetermined with reference to the appended claims, along with the fullscope of equivalents to which such claims are entitled.

What is claimed is:
 1. A system comprising: a gateway having a memory,and a processing device coupled to the memory, the processing device to:identify a first subset of a data stream associated with one or moreelectrochromic devices, wherein the first subset of the data streamcomprises sensor data indicative of one or more of temperature change,voltage change, current change, or tint level change that is more than athreshold amount of change; responsive to identifying the first subsetof the data stream, transmit the first subset of the data stream to aserver device, wherein the server device is to generate one or moreinstructions based on the first subset of the data stream; andresponsive to receiving the one or more instructions from the serverdevice, cause the one or more electrochromic devices to be controlledbased on the one or more instructions.
 2. The system of claim 1, whereinthe sensor data having more than the threshold amount of change isindicative of a fault in the system.
 3. The system of claim 2, whereinthe fault comprises one or more of at least a portion of the systemexceeding a threshold temperature or failure to perform a tintingoperation.
 4. The system of claim 1, wherein the processing device is totransmit the first subset of the data stream to the server device at afirst point in time without transmitting a second subset of the datastream to the server device at the first point in time.
 5. The system ofclaim 4, wherein the second subset of the data stream comprises one ormore of electric current measurements or voltage measurements.
 6. Amethod comprising: identifying, by a processing device of a gateway, afirst subset of a data stream associated with one or more electrochromicdevices, wherein the first subset of the data stream comprises sensordata indicative of one or more of temperature change, voltage change,current change, or tint level change that is more than a thresholdamount of change; responsive to identifying the first subset of the datastream, transmitting, by the processing device, the first subset of thedata stream to a server device, wherein the server device is to generateone or more instructions based on the first subset of the data stream;and responsive to receiving the one or more instructions by theprocessing device from the server device, causing the one or moreelectrochromic devices to be controlled based on the one or moreinstructions.
 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the sensor data havingmore than the threshold amount of change is indicative of a fault. 8.The method of claim 7, wherein the fault comprises one or more of acomponent exceeding a threshold temperature or failure to perform atinting operation.
 9. The method of claim 6, wherein transmitting, bythe processing device, the first subset of the data stream to the serverdevice is at a first point in time without transmitting, by theprocessing device, a second subset of the data stream to the serverdevice at the first point in time.
 10. The method of claim 9, whereinthe second subset of the data stream comprises one or more of electriccurrent measurements or voltage measurements.
 11. A non-transitorymachine-readable storage medium storing instructions which, whenexecuted cause a processing device of a gateway to perform operationscomprising: identifying a first subset of a data stream associated withone or more electrochromic devices, wherein the first subset of the datastream comprises sensor data indicative of one or more of temperaturechange, voltage change, current change, or tint level change that ismore than a threshold amount of change; responsive to identifying thefirst subset of the data stream, transmitting the first subset of thedata stream to a server device, wherein the server device is to generateone or more instructions based on the first subset of the data stream;and responsive to receiving the one or more instructions from the serverdevice, causing the one or more electrochromic devices to be controlledbased on the one or more instructions.
 12. The non-transitorymachine-readable storage medium of claim 11, wherein the sensor datahaving more than the threshold amount of change is indicative of afault.
 13. The non-transitory machine-readable storage medium of claim12, wherein the fault comprises one or more of a component exceeding athreshold temperature or failure to perform a tinting operation.
 14. Thenon-transitory machine-readable storage medium of claim 11, whereintransmitting the first subset of the data stream to the server device isat a first point in time without transmitting a second subset of thedata stream to the server device at the first point in time.